Running pattern detector against the corpus
The dataset shows circular money flows between charities — reciprocal pairs, triangular cycles, and longer chains. Most loops are structurally normal; the signal is the deviation from norm.
Glassbox surfaces correlations and observations, not findings of misconduct. Severity is a calibrated read on how strongly the dataset matches the pattern definition — a starting point for review, not a verdict.
The match meets the pattern threshold but the signal is the lower band. Normal review queue.
The match exceeds the routine threshold. Worth a closer look — pull the source rows, walk the citation.
The match is in the highest band of the calibrated scale. Recommend: prioritise for active review.
Severity is computed from the detection signal · app.gift_loops: simple cycles ≤ 4 hops in the ≥ $5K qualified-donee gift graph, hop fiscal periods non-decreasing and the whole loop within 12 months, hubs (degree ≥ 50 or DAF/foundation/federated/diocese names) never interior; edge weight = gift ÷ donor's gifts that year; score = min edge weight × hops penalty (2:1.0, 3:0.8, 4:0.6); aggregated per BN, best loop ≥ 0.05 · fallback: cra.loop_universe score ≥ 12
The dataset shows SHAAREI ZION COMMUNITY CENTRE (BN 874579907RR0001) participating in 4 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $340,500; strongest loop (ABRAHAM KAHN → SHAAREI ZION COMMUNITY CENTRE) is 2 hops with score 0.35 — at least 35% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
Once a match is identified, the dataset suggests these review actions. Glassbox does not prescribe outcomes — these are calibrated options for funders, auditors, and program officers, framed as correlations to investigate.
For each entity in the cycle, examine reciprocal gifts, board overlap, and program-vs-overhead ratios. The cycle may reflect denominational hierarchy or federated structure (normal) or reciprocal-revenue inflation (review-worthy).
Glassbox is not yet hard-coded with denominational hierarchy or federated-charity exclusion lists. Before flagging externally, confirm the loop is not an explainable structural pattern.
If the same entities also receive federal grants for similar program purposes, the loop becomes a duplicative-funding signal as well — see /follow/duplicative-funding once that detector ships.
If the loop persists across review cycles, escalate to the relevant audit body. If it resolves (entity exits, program ends, structure clarified), close with reasoning recorded.
These are calibrated suggestions, not directives. The dataset shows the pattern; the funder decides the response.
Aggregated from the matches below. Severity bands are calibrated per pattern; counts and dollar totals reflect this snapshot only.
The dataset shows ABRAHAM KAHN (BN 891007015RR0001) participating in 4 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $233,786; strongest loop (ABRAHAM KAHN → SHAAREI ZION COMMUNITY CENTRE) is 2 hops with score 0.35 — at least 35% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
The dataset shows LIONS GATE HOSPITAL FOUNDATION (BN 119020907RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $5,056,562; strongest loop (LIONS GATE HOSPITAL FOUNDATION → VANCOUVER COASTAL HEALTH AUTHORITY) is 2 hops with score 0.35 — at least 35% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows FIDUCIE AUTHIER, HARKINS ET METRAS (BN 875155426RR0001) participating in 8 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $2,075,000; strongest loop (LA SOCIÉTÉ DES SALÉSIENS DU CANADA / THE SOCIETY OF THE SALESIANS OF CANADA → FIDUCIE AUTHIER, HARKINS ET METRAS) is 2 hops with score 0.35 — at least 35% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows LA SOCIÉTÉ DES SALÉSIENS DU CANADA / THE SOCIETY OF THE SALESIANS OF CANADA (BN 888934197RR0001) participating in 8 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $2,075,000; strongest loop (LA SOCIÉTÉ DES SALÉSIENS DU CANADA / THE SOCIETY OF THE SALESIANS OF CANADA → FIDUCIE AUTHIER, HARKINS ET METRAS) is 2 hops with score 0.35 — at least 35% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows WOMEN'S MUSICAL CLUB OF TORONTO (BN 123718637RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $75,800; strongest loop (Women's Musical Club of Toronto Foundation → WOMEN'S MUSICAL CLUB OF TORONTO) is 2 hops with score 0.35 — at least 35% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows Women's Musical Club of Toronto Foundation (BN 867270647RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $75,800; strongest loop (Women's Musical Club of Toronto Foundation → WOMEN'S MUSICAL CLUB OF TORONTO) is 2 hops with score 0.35 — at least 35% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Community foundations pool and re-grant local donations by design; money flowing in and back out through them is their normal operating model, not a circular scheme.
The dataset shows LEDUC UNIDA CHRISTIAN CHURCH (BN 789048287RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $24,600; strongest loop (Unida Christian Church of Canada → LEDUC UNIDA CHRISTIAN CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.34 — at least 34% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows THE TORONTO SEPHARDIC KOLLEL (BN 781810312RR0001) participating in 10 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $574,376; strongest loop (THE TORONTO SEPHARDIC KOLLEL → YISMAH MOSHE HEVRAJ PINTO CHARITABLE SOCIETY OF ONTARIO) is 2 hops with score 0.34 — at least 34% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 5 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
The dataset shows YISMAH MOSHE HEVRAJ PINTO CHARITABLE SOCIETY OF ONTARIO (BN 881342919RR0001) participating in 6 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $405,100; strongest loop (THE TORONTO SEPHARDIC KOLLEL → YISMAH MOSHE HEVRAJ PINTO CHARITABLE SOCIETY OF ONTARIO) is 2 hops with score 0.34 — at least 34% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
The dataset shows EMMANUEL COMMUNITY REFORMED CHURCH (BN 118898931RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $22,130; strongest loop (THE REGIONAL SYNOD OF CANADA INC. REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA → EMMANUEL COMMUNITY REFORMED CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.34 — at least 34% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows BERISHAINDEL CHARITY FUND (BN 798543518RR0001) participating in 4 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $31,254,057; strongest loop (THE CHAIM MOSHE FRIEDMAN MEMORIAL FUND → BERISHAINDEL CHARITY FUND) is 2 hops with score 0.33 — at least 33% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 4 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows THE CHAIM MOSHE FRIEDMAN MEMORIAL FUND (BN 838274215RR0001) participating in 4 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $31,254,057; strongest loop (THE CHAIM MOSHE FRIEDMAN MEMORIAL FUND → BERISHAINDEL CHARITY FUND) is 2 hops with score 0.33 — at least 33% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 4 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows FOREST HILL JEWISH CENTRE (BN 815349311RR0001) participating in 6 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $19,542,095; strongest loop (THE CANADIAN FRIENDS OF OHR SOMAYACH - TANENBAUM CENTRE - COLLEGE OF JUDAIC STUDIES → FOREST HILL JEWISH CENTRE) is 2 hops with score 0.33 — at least 33% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
The dataset shows Congrégation Amour pour Israel (BN 118872258RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $272,194; strongest loop (Institution Viznitz / Viznitz Institution → Congrégation Amour pour Israel) is 2 hops with score 0.33 — at least 33% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 2 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows Institution Viznitz / Viznitz Institution (BN 829637305RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $319,758; strongest loop (Institution Viznitz / Viznitz Institution → Congrégation Amour pour Israel) is 2 hops with score 0.33 — at least 33% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows BBT Church (BN 719518201RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $597,420; strongest loop (BBT Church → CROSS COMMUNITY) is 2 hops with score 0.33 — at least 33% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows CROSS COMMUNITY (BN 863376737RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $597,420; strongest loop (BBT Church → CROSS COMMUNITY) is 2 hops with score 0.33 — at least 33% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows OLIVET BAPTIST CHURCH (BN 107795031RR0001) participating in 7 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $394,389; strongest loop (OLIVET BAPTIST CHURCH → MAKARIOS EVANGELICAL CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.32 — at least 32% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 5 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows MAKARIOS EVANGELICAL CHURCH (BN 753834886RR0001) participating in 15 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $673,439; strongest loop (OLIVET BAPTIST CHURCH → MAKARIOS EVANGELICAL CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.32 — at least 32% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 13 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
The dataset shows Franklin Church Of The Nazarene (BN 118930593RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $38,496; strongest loop (Franklin Church Of The Nazarene → EGLISE DU NAZAREEN DU QUEBEC / THE CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE OFQUEBEC) is 2 hops with score 0.32 — at least 32% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows EGLISE DU NAZAREEN DU QUEBEC / THE CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE OFQUEBEC (BN 894179779RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $38,496; strongest loop (Franklin Church Of The Nazarene → EGLISE DU NAZAREEN DU QUEBEC / THE CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE OFQUEBEC) is 2 hops with score 0.32 — at least 32% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows EGLISE REFORMEE ST-MARC DE QUEBEC (BN 107287633RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $77,000; strongest loop (L'EGLISE REFORMEE DU QUEBEC → EGLISE REFORMEE ST-MARC DE QUEBEC) is 2 hops with score 0.32 — at least 32% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows L'EGLISE REFORMEE DU QUEBEC (BN 107608226RR0001) participating in 5 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $109,447; strongest loop (L'EGLISE REFORMEE DU QUEBEC → EGLISE REFORMEE ST-MARC DE QUEBEC) is 2 hops with score 0.32 — at least 32% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows INTERLAKE MENNONITE FELLOWSHIP CHURCH (BN 118970094RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $78,460; strongest loop (GOSPEL LIGHT FELLOWSHIP (LA CRETE) → INTERLAKE MENNONITE FELLOWSHIP CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.32 — at least 32% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows GOSPEL LIGHT FELLOWSHIP (LA CRETE) (BN 717276919RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $78,460; strongest loop (GOSPEL LIGHT FELLOWSHIP (LA CRETE) → INTERLAKE MENNONITE FELLOWSHIP CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.32 — at least 32% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows LES AMIS DE LA VILLA INC. (BN 119014223RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,353,465; strongest loop (LES AMIS DE LA VILLA INC. → LES AMIS DE LA VILLA DU REPOS INC. → VILLA PROVIDENCE SHEDIAC INC.) is 3 hops with score 0.31 — at least 31% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows LES AMIS DE LA VILLA DU REPOS INC. (BN 119014231RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,353,465; strongest loop (LES AMIS DE LA VILLA INC. → LES AMIS DE LA VILLA DU REPOS INC. → VILLA PROVIDENCE SHEDIAC INC.) is 3 hops with score 0.31 — at least 31% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows VILLA PROVIDENCE SHEDIAC INC. (BN 119286235RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,353,465; strongest loop (LES AMIS DE LA VILLA INC. → LES AMIS DE LA VILLA DU REPOS INC. → VILLA PROVIDENCE SHEDIAC INC.) is 3 hops with score 0.31 — at least 31% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows FOURSQUARE GOSPEL CHURCH OF CANADA (BN 107396905RR0002) participating in 62 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $10,566,190; strongest loop (FOURSQUARE GOSPEL CHURCH OF CANADA → FOURSQUARE GOSPEL CHURCH OF CANADA) is 2 hops with score 0.31 — at least 31% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 62 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows FOURSQUARE GOSPEL CHURCH OF CANADA (BN 107396905RR0041) participating in 7 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $6,199,576; strongest loop (FOURSQUARE GOSPEL CHURCH OF CANADA → FOURSQUARE GOSPEL CHURCH OF CANADA) is 2 hops with score 0.31 — at least 31% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 7 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF HALIFAX (BN 119109833RR0006) participating in 19 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,659,333; strongest loop (THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF HALIFAX → THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF HALIFAX) is 2 hops with score 0.31 — at least 31% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF HALIFAX (BN 119109833RR0013) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $442,476; strongest loop (THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF HALIFAX → THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF HALIFAX) is 2 hops with score 0.31 — at least 31% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF HALIFAX (BN 119109833RR0007) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $538,426; strongest loop (THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF HALIFAX → THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF HALIFAX) is 2 hops with score 0.31 — at least 31% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows COLLEGE BETH JACOB POUR LES ENSEIGNANTS INC (BN 119145019RR0002) participating in 63 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $7,510,920; strongest loop (CANADIAN FRIENDS OF KNESET BNEI HAGOLA → COLLEGE BETH JACOB POUR LES ENSEIGNANTS INC) is 2 hops with score 0.31 — at least 31% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 37 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
The dataset shows CANADIAN FRIENDS OF KNESET BNEI HAGOLA (BN 886960590RR0001) participating in 15 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $2,018,258; strongest loop (CANADIAN FRIENDS OF KNESET BNEI HAGOLA → COLLEGE BETH JACOB POUR LES ENSEIGNANTS INC) is 2 hops with score 0.31 — at least 31% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 6 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
The dataset shows WEST POINT GREY ACADEMY FOUNDATION (BN 855790887RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,618,774; strongest loop (WEST POINT GREY ACADEMY FOUNDATION → WEST POINT GREY ACADEMY) is 2 hops with score 0.30 — at least 30% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 2 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows WEST POINT GREY ACADEMY (BN 897267795RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,618,774; strongest loop (WEST POINT GREY ACADEMY FOUNDATION → WEST POINT GREY ACADEMY) is 2 hops with score 0.30 — at least 30% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 2 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows ARISE CITY CHURCH (BN 703411496RR0002) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $26,727; strongest loop (ARISE CITY CHURCH → LIFEHOUSE CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.30 — at least 30% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows LIFEHOUSE CHURCH (BN 812346708RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $26,727; strongest loop (ARISE CITY CHURCH → LIFEHOUSE CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.30 — at least 30% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF EDMONTON (BN 108061441RR0001) participating in 41 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $2,869,094; strongest loop (SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF EDMONTON → ANGLICAN PARISH OF ST. MARGARET, EDMONTON) is 2 hops with score 0.30 — at least 30% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 41 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows ANGLICAN PARISH OF ST. MARGARET, EDMONTON (BN 132350109RR0001) participating in 6 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $620,150; strongest loop (SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF EDMONTON → ANGLICAN PARISH OF ST. MARGARET, EDMONTON) is 2 hops with score 0.30 — at least 30% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 6 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows LIGHT PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH (BN 108086810RR0001) participating in 6 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $352,045; strongest loop (GLOBAL ASSISTANCE PARTNERS(G.A.P) MISSIONS CHURCH → LIGHT PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.30 — at least 30% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
The dataset shows GLOBAL ASSISTANCE PARTNERS(G.A.P) MISSIONS CHURCH (BN 859969545RR0001) participating in 4 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $298,045; strongest loop (GLOBAL ASSISTANCE PARTNERS(G.A.P) MISSIONS CHURCH → LIGHT PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.30 — at least 30% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
The dataset shows SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR (BN 891464497RR0005) participating in 6 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $601,892; strongest loop (SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR → SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR) is 2 hops with score 0.30 — at least 30% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows HUMBER VALLEY UNITED CHURCH (BN 130633167RR0001) participating in 4 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $134,360; strongest loop (HUMBER VALLEY FOUNDATION → HUMBER VALLEY UNITED CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.30 — at least 30% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 4 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows HUMBER VALLEY FOUNDATION (BN 896363363RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $68,440; strongest loop (HUMBER VALLEY FOUNDATION → HUMBER VALLEY UNITED CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.30 — at least 30% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 2 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows BAY COMMUNITY CHURCH (BN 136390762RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $32,099; strongest loop (CONGREGATIONAL CHRISTIAN CHURCHES IN CANADA → BAY COMMUNITY CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.29 — at least 29% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows Association Chrétienne pour la Francophonie (ACF) (BN 855933396RR0001) participating in 28 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $2,590,533; strongest loop (Église Nouvelle Vie de Longueuil → Association Chrétienne pour la Francophonie (ACF)) is 2 hops with score 0.29 — at least 29% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows Église Nouvelle Vie de Longueuil (BN 872056742RR0001) participating in 20 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $2,281,961; strongest loop (Église Nouvelle Vie de Longueuil → Association Chrétienne pour la Francophonie (ACF)) is 2 hops with score 0.29 — at least 29% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).