Running pattern detector against the corpus
The dataset shows circular money flows between charities — reciprocal pairs, triangular cycles, and longer chains. Most loops are structurally normal; the signal is the deviation from norm.
Glassbox surfaces correlations and observations, not findings of misconduct. Severity is a calibrated read on how strongly the dataset matches the pattern definition — a starting point for review, not a verdict.
The match meets the pattern threshold but the signal is the lower band. Normal review queue.
The match exceeds the routine threshold. Worth a closer look — pull the source rows, walk the citation.
The match is in the highest band of the calibrated scale. Recommend: prioritise for active review.
Severity is computed from the detection signal · app.gift_loops: simple cycles ≤ 4 hops in the ≥ $5K qualified-donee gift graph, hop fiscal periods non-decreasing and the whole loop within 12 months, hubs (degree ≥ 50 or DAF/foundation/federated/diocese names) never interior; edge weight = gift ÷ donor's gifts that year; score = min edge weight × hops penalty (2:1.0, 3:0.8, 4:0.6); aggregated per BN, best loop ≥ 0.05 · fallback: cra.loop_universe score ≥ 12
The dataset shows CEDARVIEW ALLIANCE CHURCH (BN 118841972RR0001) participating in 7 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,292,258; strongest loop (THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE IN CANADA/ L'ALLIANCE CHRETIENNE ET MISSIONNAIRE AU CANADA → CEDARVIEW ALLIANCE CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.06 — at least 6% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 7 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
Once a match is identified, the dataset suggests these review actions. Glassbox does not prescribe outcomes — these are calibrated options for funders, auditors, and program officers, framed as correlations to investigate.
For each entity in the cycle, examine reciprocal gifts, board overlap, and program-vs-overhead ratios. The cycle may reflect denominational hierarchy or federated structure (normal) or reciprocal-revenue inflation (review-worthy).
Glassbox is not yet hard-coded with denominational hierarchy or federated-charity exclusion lists. Before flagging externally, confirm the loop is not an explainable structural pattern.
If the same entities also receive federal grants for similar program purposes, the loop becomes a duplicative-funding signal as well — see /follow/duplicative-funding once that detector ships.
If the loop persists across review cycles, escalate to the relevant audit body. If it resolves (entity exits, program ends, structure clarified), close with reasoning recorded.
These are calibrated suggestions, not directives. The dataset shows the pattern; the funder decides the response.
Aggregated from the matches below. Severity bands are calibrated per pattern; counts and dollar totals reflect this snapshot only.
The dataset shows Union of Medical Care and Relief Organizations-Canada (BN 836143388RR0001) participating in 5 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $4,682,972; strongest loop (HUMAN CONCERN INTERNATIONAL (HCI) → Union of Medical Care and Relief Organizations-Canada → Action For Humanity Canada → Refugee Girls Worldwide) is 4 hops with score 0.06 — at least 6% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 4 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows ZLC FOUNDATION (BN 897476560RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $454,491; strongest loop (ZLC FOUNDATION → VANCOUVER TALMUD TORAH ASSOCIATION) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows THE ANGLICAN PROVINCIAL SYNOD OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (BN 106713753RR0001) participating in 4 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $599,178; strongest loop (THE GENERAL SYNOD OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH OF CANADA → TERRITORY OF THE PEOPLE ANGLICAN CHURCH → THE ANGLICAN PROVINCIAL SYNOD OF BRITISH COLUMBIA) is 3 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 4 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows COVENANT REFORMED CHURCH OF TORONTO (BN 119144038RR0001) participating in 16 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $485,172; strongest loop (COVENANT REFORMED CHURCH OF TORONTO → LIVING WATER REFORMED CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows THE PAS COMMITTEE FOR WOMEN IN CRISIS, INC (BN 119250264RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $38,826; strongest loop (THE PAS COMMITTEE FOR WOMEN IN CRISIS, INC → MANITOBA ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN'S SHELTERS, INC.) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows MANITOBA ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN'S SHELTERS, INC. (BN 880786892RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $38,826; strongest loop (THE PAS COMMITTEE FOR WOMEN IN CRISIS, INC → MANITOBA ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN'S SHELTERS, INC.) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows LIVING WATER REFORMED CHURCH (BN 893009779RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $24,353; strongest loop (COVENANT REFORMED CHURCH OF TORONTO → LIVING WATER REFORMED CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH (BRITISH COLUMBIA CONFERENCE) (BN 118818491RR0075) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $228,141; strongest loop (SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH (BRITISH COLUMBIA CONFERENCE) → AOK ACTS OF KINDNESS SOCIETY) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows YOUTH FOR CHRIST/PORTAGE INCORPORATED (BN 119307577RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $45,973; strongest loop (YOUTH FOR CHRIST/CANADA → YOUTH FOR CHRIST/PORTAGE INCORPORATED) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows AOK ACTS OF KINDNESS SOCIETY (BN 814402137RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $228,141; strongest loop (SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH (BRITISH COLUMBIA CONFERENCE) → AOK ACTS OF KINDNESS SOCIETY) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows THE TABLE MISSIONARY SOCIETY (BN 858778467RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $45,516; strongest loop (The Anglican Diocese of Canada → THE TABLE MISSIONARY SOCIETY) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows FIRST UNITED CHURCH (BN 107388076RR0001) participating in 9 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $538,002; strongest loop (Eastern Ontario Outaouais Regional Council - The United Church of Canada → FIRST UNITED CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 9 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows Eastern Ontario Outaouais Regional Council - The United Church of Canada (BN 107806259RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $71,281; strongest loop (Eastern Ontario Outaouais Regional Council - The United Church of Canada → FIRST UNITED CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows UKRAINIAN CANADIAN FOUNDATION OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO (BN 119273472RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $203,206; strongest loop (UKRAINIAN CANADIAN FOUNDATION OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO → SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY OF CANADA) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY OF CANADA (BN 865764104RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $203,206; strongest loop (UKRAINIAN CANADIAN FOUNDATION OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO → SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY OF CANADA) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows CHURCH OF GOD (BN 130919889RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $139,298; strongest loop (CHURCH OF GOD (PROVINCIAL OFFICE FOR WESTERN CANADA) → CHURCH OF GOD) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
The dataset shows Peace Church on 52nd (BN 118919471RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $22,020; strongest loop (MENNONITE CHURCH BRITISH COLUMBIA → Peace Church on 52nd) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows HALTON ISLAMIC ASSOCIATION (BN 118951292RR0001) participating in 6 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $2,461,031; strongest loop (ISLAMIC RELIEF - IR CANADA → HALTON ISLAMIC ASSOCIATION) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 6 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows THE ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF NELSON (BN 108094392RR0010) participating in 6 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $377,137; strongest loop (THE ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF NELSON → THE ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF NELSON) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 6 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows The Well of the Christian and Missionary Alliance in Canada (BN 809547474RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $278,348; strongest loop (THE EASTERN CANADIAN DISTRICT OF THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE IN CANADA → The Well of the Christian and Missionary Alliance in Canada) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows THE ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF NELSON (BN 108094392RR0029) participating in 6 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $376,971; strongest loop (THE ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF NELSON → THE ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF NELSON) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 6 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows MEADOWLANDS BAPTIST CHURCH (BN 888413242RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $11,549; strongest loop (MEADOWLANDS BAPTIST CHURCH → LIGHTHOUSE BAPTIST CHURCH OF EDMONTON) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows LIGHTHOUSE BAPTIST CHURCH OF EDMONTON (BN 891966624RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $11,549; strongest loop (MEADOWLANDS BAPTIST CHURCH → LIGHTHOUSE BAPTIST CHURCH OF EDMONTON) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows EMMANUEL BAPTIST CHURCH (BN 107302663RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $351,704; strongest loop (Canadian Baptists of Atlantic Canada → ATLANTIC BAPTIST MISSION BOARD OF THE CONVENTION OF ATLANTICBAPTIST CHURCHES → EMMANUEL BAPTIST CHURCH) is 3 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 2 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows IMMANUEL BAPTIST CHURCH (BN 118967140RR0001) participating in 7 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $452,144; strongest loop (CANADIAN BAPTISTS OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC → IMMANUEL BAPTIST CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 7 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows ARCHIEPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF REGINA (BN 106720253RR0001) participating in 17 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $992,482; strongest loop (ARCHIEPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF REGINA → ROMAN CATHOLIC PARISH OF ST PETER) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 17 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows ROMAN CATHOLIC PARISH OF ST PETER (BN 107910945RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $132,199; strongest loop (ARCHIEPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF REGINA → ROMAN CATHOLIC PARISH OF ST PETER) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows RICE ROAD COMMUNITY CHURCH (BN 133956425RR0001) participating in 5 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $164,480; strongest loop (The Free Methodist Church in Canada → RICE ROAD COMMUNITY CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 5 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows Cantaro Institute (BN 702693284RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $175,000; strongest loop (Hultink Family Foundation → Cantaro Institute) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows Hultink Family Foundation (BN 839295557RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $175,000; strongest loop (Hultink Family Foundation → Cantaro Institute) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows Centre d'Action bénévole d'Iberville et de la Région (BN 133837245RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $1,100,360; strongest loop (La Fondation du Grand Montréal - The Foundation of Greater Montreal → Centre d'Action bénévole d'Iberville et de la Région) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows La Fondation du Grand Montréal - The Foundation of Greater Montreal (BN 881979124RR0001) participating in 16 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $4,673,563; strongest loop (La Fondation du Grand Montréal - The Foundation of Greater Montreal → Centre d'Action bénévole d'Iberville et de la Région) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 16 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Community foundations pool and re-grant local donations by design; money flowing in and back out through them is their normal operating model, not a circular scheme.
The dataset shows SAANICH BAPTIST CHURCH (BN 129780508RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $43,000; strongest loop (FELLOWSHIP OF EVANGELICAL BAPTIST CHURCHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND YUKON → SAANICH BAPTIST CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows I.R.C.D.- The Institute Research Communication and Development I.R.C.D.- L'Institut pour la Recherche, la Communication et le Développement (BN 140903139RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $50,135; strongest loop (HEADFORD CULTURAL GROUP → I.R.C.D.- The Institute Research Communication and Development I.R.C.D.- L'Institut pour la Recherche, la Communication et le Développement) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows HEADFORD CULTURAL GROUP (BN 886478072RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $50,135; strongest loop (HEADFORD CULTURAL GROUP → I.R.C.D.- The Institute Research Communication and Development I.R.C.D.- L'Institut pour la Recherche, la Communication et le Développement) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF OTTAWA-CORNWALL (BN 128967353RR0028) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $115,281; strongest loop (THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF OTTAWA-CORNWALL → THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF OTTAWA-CORNWALL) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows TORONTO CARE FUND (BN 814336129RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $24,030; strongest loop (TORONTO CARE FUND → SOCIAL SERVICES AND COMMUNAL MATTERS FUND) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows ST. FAITH'S ANGLICAN CHURCH (BN 108017716RR0002) participating in 5 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $181,990; strongest loop (SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF EDMONTON → ST. FAITH'S ANGLICAN CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 5 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF KAMLOOPS (BN 106880073RR0032) participating in 5 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $204,838; strongest loop (ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF KAMLOOPS → ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP OF KAMLOOPS) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows ECCLESIASTICAL PROVINCE OF RUPERT'S LAND (BN 132161761RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $39,347; strongest loop (THE SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF CALGARY → ECCLESIASTICAL PROVINCE OF RUPERT'S LAND) is 2 hops with score 0.05 — at least 5% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.