Running pattern detector against the corpus
The dataset shows circular money flows between charities — reciprocal pairs, triangular cycles, and longer chains. Most loops are structurally normal; the signal is the deviation from norm.
Glassbox surfaces correlations and observations, not findings of misconduct. Severity is a calibrated read on how strongly the dataset matches the pattern definition — a starting point for review, not a verdict.
The match meets the pattern threshold but the signal is the lower band. Normal review queue.
The match exceeds the routine threshold. Worth a closer look — pull the source rows, walk the citation.
The match is in the highest band of the calibrated scale. Recommend: prioritise for active review.
Severity is computed from the detection signal · app.gift_loops: simple cycles ≤ 4 hops in the ≥ $5K qualified-donee gift graph, hop fiscal periods non-decreasing and the whole loop within 12 months, hubs (degree ≥ 50 or DAF/foundation/federated/diocese names) never interior; edge weight = gift ÷ donor's gifts that year; score = min edge weight × hops penalty (2:1.0, 3:0.8, 4:0.6); aggregated per BN, best loop ≥ 0.05 · fallback: cra.loop_universe score ≥ 12
The dataset shows CANADA ATLANTIC DISTRICT CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE (BN 106836745RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $31,079; strongest loop (CANADA ATLANTIC DISTRICT CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE → O'LEARY CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE INC.) is 2 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
Why this may be benign · Federated charities (United Way / Centraide, Jewish federations, national bodies with provincial or local chapters) are legally distinct entities that are related by charter — relatedness is disclosed, not hidden.
Once a match is identified, the dataset suggests these review actions. Glassbox does not prescribe outcomes — these are calibrated options for funders, auditors, and program officers, framed as correlations to investigate.
For each entity in the cycle, examine reciprocal gifts, board overlap, and program-vs-overhead ratios. The cycle may reflect denominational hierarchy or federated structure (normal) or reciprocal-revenue inflation (review-worthy).
Glassbox is not yet hard-coded with denominational hierarchy or federated-charity exclusion lists. Before flagging externally, confirm the loop is not an explainable structural pattern.
If the same entities also receive federal grants for similar program purposes, the loop becomes a duplicative-funding signal as well — see /follow/duplicative-funding once that detector ships.
If the loop persists across review cycles, escalate to the relevant audit body. If it resolves (entity exits, program ends, structure clarified), close with reasoning recorded.
These are calibrated suggestions, not directives. The dataset shows the pattern; the funder decides the response.
Aggregated from the matches below. Severity bands are calibrated per pattern; counts and dollar totals reflect this snapshot only.
The dataset shows O'LEARY CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE INC. (BN 820583987RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $31,079; strongest loop (CANADA ATLANTIC DISTRICT CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE → O'LEARY CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE INC.) is 2 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows Emmanuel Alliance Church of Ottawa of The Christian and Missionary Alliance in Canada (BN 746458819RR0002) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $42,500; strongest loop (THE EASTERN CANADIAN DISTRICT OF THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE IN CANADA → Emmanuel Alliance Church of Ottawa of The Christian and Missionary Alliance in Canada) is 2 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows GOSPEL ECHOING MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF CANADA (BN 886363969RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $264,787; strongest loop (THE PENTECOSTAL ASSEMBLIES OF CANADA/LES ASSEMBLEES DE LA PENTECOTE DU CANADA → GOSPEL ECHOING MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF CANADA) is 2 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows THE EASTERN CANADIAN DISTRICT OF THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE IN CANADA (BN 894945633RR0001) participating in 4 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $122,080; strongest loop (THE EASTERN CANADIAN DISTRICT OF THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE IN CANADA → Emmanuel Alliance Church of Ottawa of The Christian and Missionary Alliance in Canada) is 2 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 4 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Federated charities (United Way / Centraide, Jewish federations, national bodies with provincial or local chapters) are legally distinct entities that are related by charter — relatedness is disclosed, not hidden.
The dataset shows New Hope Community Church Homestead (BN 119172302RR0001) participating in 8 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,762,504; strongest loop (Canadian Baptists of Atlantic Canada → ATLANTIC BAPTIST MISSION BOARD OF THE CONVENTION OF ATLANTICBAPTIST CHURCHES → New Hope Community Church Homestead) is 3 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 8 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows THE TOWERS BAPTIST CHURCH (BN 119267920RR0001) participating in 10 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $2,252,507; strongest loop (CANADIAN NATIONAL BAPTIST CONVENTION → WESTCOAST BAPTIST ASSOCIATION → THE TOWERS BAPTIST CHURCH) is 3 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 9 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows Treitel Foundation / Fondation Treitel (BN 854837556RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $60,000; strongest loop (Treitel Foundation / Fondation Treitel → CONGREGATION BAIS MENACHEM CHABAD-LUBAVITCH) is 2 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows MENNONITE CENTRAL COMMITTEE (SASKATCHEWAN) (BN 107690901RR0001) participating in 8 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $19,403,397; strongest loop (MENNONITE CENTRAL COMMITTEE CANADA → MENNONITE CENTRAL COMMITTEE (SASKATCHEWAN)) is 2 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 8 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows HALIFAX GOSPEL HALL ASSOCIATION (BN 858989213RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $376,937; strongest loop (GOSPEL TRUST CANADA → HALIFAX GOSPEL HALL ASSOCIATION) is 2 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows GATEWAY CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY INC. (BN 107420994RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $186,400; strongest loop (GATEWAY CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY INC. → THE KING'S SCHOOL, INCORPORATED) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows THE KING'S SCHOOL, INCORPORATED (BN 134667567RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $186,400; strongest loop (GATEWAY CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY INC. → THE KING'S SCHOOL, INCORPORATED) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows NORTH AMERICAN WORD OUTREACH INC. (BN 107779936RR0001) participating in 4 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $322,834; strongest loop (KENNETH COPELAND MINISTRIES CANADA → NORTH AMERICAN WORD OUTREACH INC.) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 4 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows KENNETH COPELAND MINISTRIES CANADA (BN 118979491RR0001) participating in 16 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $3,984,984; strongest loop (KENNETH COPELAND MINISTRIES CANADA → NORTH AMERICAN WORD OUTREACH INC.) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 16 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows POWELL RIVER HOSPITAL FOUNDATION (BN 130877426RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $107,480; strongest loop (POWELL RIVER HOSPITAL FOUNDATION → VANCOUVER COASTAL HEALTH AUTHORITY) is 2 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows Ohr Chaya Charitable Organization (BN 812391845RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $121,340; strongest loop (Ohr Chaya Charitable Organization → THE TORONTO SEPHARDIC KOLLEL) is 2 hops with score 0.11 — at least 11% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows Congregation Zichron Yakov Yitzchok Belz (BN 721103075RR0001) participating in 20 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $3,883,135; strongest loop (CONGRÉGATION BELZ → Congregation Zichron Yakov Yitzchok Belz) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 12 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows CALVARY BAPTIST CHURCH, OSHAWA (BN 118824481RR0001) participating in 14 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,086,812; strongest loop (ASSISTS PROJECTS → CALVARY BAPTIST CHURCH, OSHAWA) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 4 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows CHRIST CHURCH (BN 118854553RR0002) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $113,862; strongest loop (INCORPORATED SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF HURON → CHRIST CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows INCORPORATED SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF HURON (BN 118967728RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $255,260; strongest loop (INCORPORATED SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF HURON → CHRIST CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows THE B.C. CONFERENCE OF THE MENNONITE BRETHREN CHURCHES (BN 132154675RR0098) participating in 12 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $747,365; strongest loop (THE B.C. CONFERENCE OF THE MENNONITE BRETHREN CHURCHES → CHRIST CITY CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 12 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows CHRIST CITY CHURCH (BN 814302253RR0001) participating in 3 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $637,282; strongest loop (THE B.C. CONFERENCE OF THE MENNONITE BRETHREN CHURCHES → CHRIST CITY CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 3 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows Église Le Chemin (BN 119012797RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $13,126; strongest loop (Le Chemin - Maniwaki → Église Le Chemin) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows Le Chemin - Maniwaki (BN 821179199RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $13,126; strongest loop (Le Chemin - Maniwaki → Église Le Chemin) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows NORTH SHUSWAP CHRISTIAN FELLOWSHIP (1998) (BN 119247773RR0001) participating in 1 time-ordered circular gift flow totalling $16,972; strongest loop (THE SAMARITAN'S PURSE - CANADA → NORTH SHUSWAP CHRISTIAN FELLOWSHIP (1998)) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 1 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows YWCA PETERBOROUGH HALIBURTON (BN 129819819RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $166,695; strongest loop (Community Foundation of Greater Peterborough → YWCA PETERBOROUGH HALIBURTON) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 2 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows Community Foundation of Greater Peterborough (BN 876232315RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $166,695; strongest loop (Community Foundation of Greater Peterborough → YWCA PETERBOROUGH HALIBURTON) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 2 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Community foundations pool and re-grant local donations by design; money flowing in and back out through them is their normal operating model, not a circular scheme.
The dataset shows Tapestry Church Tuscany (BN 851209098RR0001) participating in 11 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,553,126; strongest loop (CANADIAN NATIONAL BAPTIST CONVENTION → MIDWEST BAPTIST ASSOC → Tapestry Church Tuscany) is 3 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 11 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows ISLAMIC SHIA ITHNA-ASHERI ASSOCIATION OF EDMONTON, ALBERTA (BN 118971845RR0001) participating in 4 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $262,928; strongest loop (ISLAMIC SHIA ITHNA-ASHERI ASSOCIATION OF EDMONTON, ALBERTA → North American Shia Ithna - Asheri Muslim Communities Organization) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF PRINCE RUPERT (BN 119122786RR0001) participating in 13 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,264,074; strongest loop (THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF PRINCE RUPERT → THE ROMAN CATHOLIC EPISCOPAL CORPORATION OF PRINCE RUPERT) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 4 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows ST. ALBERT ALLIANCE CHURCH (BN 129543153RR0001) participating in 4 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $528,960; strongest loop (THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE IN CANADA/ L'ALLIANCE CHRETIENNE ET MISSIONNAIRE AU CANADA → ST. ALBERT ALLIANCE CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 4 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE IN CANADA/ L'ALLIANCE CHRETIENNE ET MISSIONNAIRE AU CANADA (BN 133063859RR0001) participating in 104 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $13,101,336; strongest loop (THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE IN CANADA/ L'ALLIANCE CHRETIENNE ET MISSIONNAIRE AU CANADA → ST. ALBERT ALLIANCE CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 104 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows EVANGEL COMMUNITY CHURCH (BN 766404685RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $85,780; strongest loop (LOADS OF LOVE HUMANITARIAN AID & MISSION SOCIETY → EVANGEL COMMUNITY CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 2 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows FOURSQUARE GOSPEL CHURCH OF CANADA (BN 107396905RR0086) participating in 7 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $263,961; strongest loop (FOURSQUARE GOSPEL CHURCH OF CANADA → FOURSQUARE GOSPEL CHURCH OF CANADA) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 7 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows Mishamikoweesh Corporation (BN 807234778RR0001) participating in 7 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $2,007,166; strongest loop (THE GENERAL SYNOD OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH OF CANADA → Mishamikoweesh Corporation) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 7 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.
The dataset shows HARVEST CITY CHURCH INC. (BN 107663890RR0001) participating in 8 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $320,576; strongest loop (HARVEST CITY CHURCH INC. → LIFELINKS INTERNATIONAL FELLOWSHIP INC) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows LIFELINKS INTERNATIONAL FELLOWSHIP INC (BN 870728060RR0001) participating in 2 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $71,266; strongest loop (HARVEST CITY CHURCH INC. → LIFELINKS INTERNATIONAL FELLOWSHIP INC) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop.
The dataset shows INCORPORATED SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF TORONTO (BN 107505059RR0001) participating in 313 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $26,638,198; strongest loop (INCORPORATED SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF TORONTO → ST. PETER'S CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 313 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Denominational hierarchies (dioceses, synods, conferences, councils, presbyteries) routinely move funds between the parent body and congregations; structural relatedness here is expected.
The dataset shows ST. PETER'S CHURCH (BN 108038563RR0001) participating in 6 time-ordered circular gift flows totalling $1,978,591; strongest loop (INCORPORATED SYNOD OF THE DIOCESE OF TORONTO → ST. PETER'S CHURCH) is 2 hops with score 0.10 — at least 10% of each donor's giving that year travelled around the loop; 6 of the loops originate at a hub (DAF / community foundation / federated body).
Why this may be benign · Donor-advised-fund platforms and gift-fund sponsors (e.g. Canada Gives, Aqueduct, Charitable Impact, Benefaction, Strategic Charitable Giving, Private Giving Foundation) are pass-through intermediaries; loops and high degree through them reflect donor instructions.