Running pattern detector against the corpus
The dataset shows entities that received substantial federal funding then ceased appearing in the corpus — flagging recipients that went silent after the money flowed.
Glassbox surfaces correlations and observations, not findings of misconduct. Severity is a calibrated read on how strongly the dataset matches the pattern definition — a starting point for review, not a verdict.
The match meets the pattern threshold but the signal is the lower band. Normal review queue.
The match exceeds the routine threshold. Worth a closer look — pull the source rows, walk the citation.
The match is in the highest band of the calibrated scale. Recommend: prioritise for active review.
Severity is computed from the detection signal · recipient total (original commitments, is_amendment = false) ≥ p90 of recipient totals within the recipient's primary department AND ≥ $500K floor · last agreement_start_date < as-of − 36 months, as-of = MAX(agreement_start_date) ≤ CURRENT_DATE · signal = years silent
The dataset shows City of Medicine Hat|Ville de Medicine Hat received $15,251,833 across 8 federal agreements from 2 departments — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-02: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
Once a match is identified, the dataset suggests these review actions. Glassbox does not prescribe outcomes — these are calibrated options for funders, auditors, and program officers, framed as correlations to investigate.
Cross-reference the recipient legal name with the relevant federal/provincial corporate registry. An active corporate status with no recent grant activity may indicate program completion (normal); a dissolved or in-default status with prior public funding warrants review.
If the recipient is a registered charity (CRA-registered), pull the most recent T3010 filing date. A gap exceeding 18 months is a regulatory issue independent of the federal-funding silence.
Did the funded program complete? Was the final report submitted? Were funds returned, if applicable? Silence in the corpus is not evidence of incompletion, but it is the signal to verify.
Some zombies are just program endings; others are entity disappearances after public money flowed. Close the match with reasoning, or move to active monitoring if outcomes are unclear.
These are calibrated suggestions, not directives. The dataset shows the pattern; the funder decides the response.
Aggregated from the matches below. Severity bands are calibrated per pattern; counts and dollar totals reflect this snapshot only.
The dataset shows Lakeland Energy Limited (BN 896502416) received $7,804,179 across 3 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-03: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Cultural Human Resources Council (BN 140304346RR0001) received $1,140,991 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-04: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows HORSE LAKE FIRST NATION received $61,196,823 across 9 federal agreements from 3 departments — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada | Relations Couronne-Autochtones et Affaires du Nord Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-04: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows ENLIGHTEN INNOVATIONS INC. received $4,900,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Natural Resources Canada | Ressources naturelles Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-07: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Canadian Urban Institute (BN 121844419) received $10,000,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario | Agence fédérale de développement économique pour le Sud de l'Ontario — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-08: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Economic Developers Council of Ontario (EDCO) (BN 124748120) received $13,250,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario | Agence fédérale de développement économique pour le Sud de l'Ontario — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-08: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA LIBRARY received $1,539,760 across 3 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Canadian Heritage | Patrimoine canadien — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-08: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Emergency Management British Columbia received $5,229,685 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Public Safety Canada | Sécurité publique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-08: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Greater Moncton International Airport Authority Inc.|L'Aéroport international du Grand Moncton Inc. (BN 895321867) received $1,886,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-09: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Quebec City Airport Inc.|Aéroport de Québec Inc. (BN 141948729) received $4,245,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-10: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Xplornet Communications Inc. (BN 738132216) received $2,312,470 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-10: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Internet Access Solutions Ltd. (BN 872655865) received $4,073,012 across 3 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-10: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Canadian Parks and Recreation Association|Association Canadienne des Parcs et Loisirs (BN 889125647) received $4,830,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Parks Canada | Parcs Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-11: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Canadian Parks and Recreation Association|Association Canadienne des Parcs et Loisirs received $4,830,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Parks Canada | Parcs Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-11: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Council for Advancement of African Canadians in Alberta (BN 831736962) received $3,000,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Western Economic Diversification Canada | Diversification de l'économie de l'Ouest Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-13: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Community Living Ontario (BN 119248524RR0001) received $1,788,000 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-14: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Gum Products International Inc. (BN 892137092) received $832,500 across 2 federal agreements from 2 departments — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-14: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport Authority Inc.|Administration de l'aéroport international Macdonald-Cartier d'Ottawa Inc. (BN 898569942) received $5,690,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-14: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows The Westport Telephone Company, Limited (BN 105259584) received $2,734,523 across 3 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-15: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Corporation of the Town of Huntsville (BN 106984669) received $1,815,613 across 10 federal agreements from 2 departments — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-15: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Keewaytinook Okimakanak (BN 139768832) received $7,818,555 across 5 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-15: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Ndeh Limited Partnership (BN 838656429) received $3,429,941 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-15: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Hamilton International Airport Limited|Hamilton International Airport Limited (BN 890273931) received $2,609,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-15: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Bouferguene, Ahmed received $764,318 across 6 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-15: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Chattopadhyay, Kinnor received $1,239,995 across 6 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-15: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Huang, Biao received $1,509,280 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-15: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Nie, Xueyuan received $670,278 across 3 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-15: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo|Municipalité régionale de Wood Buffalo received $12,939,457 across 6 federal agreements from 2 departments — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-15: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows AFA Systems Inc. (BN 883217911) received $1,053,706 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada | Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-17: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Fort McMurray Airport Authority |Autorité aéroportuaire de Fort McMurray (BN 838649689) received $2,645,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-17: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Rockglen, Town of received $2,140,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Western Economic Diversification Canada | Diversification de l'économie de l'Ouest Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-17: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport|Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport (BN 108122458) received $3,167,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-18: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Victoria Airport Authority |Victoria Airport Authority (BN 887721751) received $3,067,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-18: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Saskatoon Airport Authority |Saskatoon Airport Authority (BN 891589830) received $2,844,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-18: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows The Corporation of the Town of Tecumseh (BN 875698821) received $2,125,671 across 6 federal agreements from 2 departments — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-22: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Quebec Government - Ministry of Transportation|Ministère des Transports - Gouvernement du Quebec received $7,484,720 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-22: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows ANISHNABE MIKINACK KINAMAKAMIK INC. received $908,400 across 11 federal agreements from 2 departments — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Canadian Heritage | Patrimoine canadien — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-22: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Halifax International Airport Authority |Halifax International Airport Authority (BN 894900034) received $5,572,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-24: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE-FRANÇAISE DE L'ALBERTA, RÉGIONALE CENTRALTA received $622,800 across 9 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Canadian Heritage | Patrimoine canadien — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-24: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows MUNICIPALITÉ DE NOUVELLE received $620,090 across 6 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Canadian Heritage | Patrimoine canadien — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-24: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Metis Nation - Saskatchewan Secretariat received $750,000 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Impact Assessment Agency of Canada | Agence d'évaluation d'impact du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-25: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows THE COASTAL JAZZ AND BLUES SOCIETY received $1,293,210 across 3 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Canadian Heritage | Patrimoine canadien — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-25: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows The Canadian Red Cross Society (BN 119219814) received $14,569,883 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Health Canada | Santé Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-26: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Centre for Social Innovation (BN 856920475RC0001) received $941,674 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-28: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Province of Ontario - Ministry of Finance received $8,334,762 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Public Safety Canada | Sécurité publique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-28: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows The Canadian Red Cross Society|La Société de la Croix Rouge canadienne received $34,091,397 across 7 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Public Safety Canada | Sécurité publique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-28: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows City of Kelowna|City of Kelowna (BN 121937551) received $3,097,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Transport Canada | Transports Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-29: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Aéroport exécutif de Gatineau-Ottawa|Aéroport exécutif de Gatineau-Ottawa (BN 131070807) received $3,889,845 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Canada Economic Development for Quebec Regions | Développement économique Canada pour les régions du Québec — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-29: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows BAFFIN FISHERIES COALITION (BN 862119534) received $3,000,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency | Agence canadienne de développement économique du Nord — with the most recent agreement dated 2021-06-29: 5.2 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.