Running pattern detector against the corpus
The dataset shows entities that received substantial federal funding then ceased appearing in the corpus — flagging recipients that went silent after the money flowed.
Glassbox surfaces correlations and observations, not findings of misconduct. Severity is a calibrated read on how strongly the dataset matches the pattern definition — a starting point for review, not a verdict.
The match meets the pattern threshold but the signal is the lower band. Normal review queue.
The match exceeds the routine threshold. Worth a closer look — pull the source rows, walk the citation.
The match is in the highest band of the calibrated scale. Recommend: prioritise for active review.
Severity is computed from the detection signal · recipient total (original commitments, is_amendment = false) ≥ p90 of recipient totals within the recipient's primary department AND ≥ $500K floor · last agreement_start_date < as-of − 36 months, as-of = MAX(agreement_start_date) ≤ CURRENT_DATE · signal = years silent
The dataset shows Virtual Marine Technology Inc.|Virtual Marine Technology Inc. received $2,349,500 across 6 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency | Agence de promotion économique du Canada atlantique — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-24: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
Once a match is identified, the dataset suggests these review actions. Glassbox does not prescribe outcomes — these are calibrated options for funders, auditors, and program officers, framed as correlations to investigate.
Cross-reference the recipient legal name with the relevant federal/provincial corporate registry. An active corporate status with no recent grant activity may indicate program completion (normal); a dissolved or in-default status with prior public funding warrants review.
If the recipient is a registered charity (CRA-registered), pull the most recent T3010 filing date. A gap exceeding 18 months is a regulatory issue independent of the federal-funding silence.
Did the funded program complete? Was the final report submitted? Were funds returned, if applicable? Silence in the corpus is not evidence of incompletion, but it is the signal to verify.
Some zombies are just program endings; others are entity disappearances after public money flowed. Close the match with reasoning, or move to active monitoring if outcomes are unclear.
These are calibrated suggestions, not directives. The dataset shows the pattern; the funder decides the response.
Aggregated from the matches below. Severity bands are calibrated per pattern; counts and dollar totals reflect this snapshot only.
The dataset shows Town of Channel-Port aux Basques|Town of Channel-Port aux Basques received $1,846,812 across 12 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency | Agence de promotion économique du Canada atlantique — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-24: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Canadian Young Farmers' Forum received $616,627 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada | Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-24: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Innovation PEI|Innovation PEI received $5,635,820 across 50 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency | Agence de promotion économique du Canada atlantique — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-25: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows EDMOND GAGNON LIMITED|EDMOND GAGNON LIMITED received $2,000,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency | Agence de promotion économique du Canada atlantique — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-25: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows SimplyCast Interactive Marketing Ltd.|SimplyCast Interactive Marketing Ltd. received $1,236,000 across 5 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency | Agence de promotion économique du Canada atlantique — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-25: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows CMC Research Institutes Inc. received $8,594,000 across 3 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Western Economic Diversification Canada | Diversification de l'économie de l'Ouest Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-26: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Theriault and Hachey Peat Moss Ltd.|Theriault and Hachey Peat Moss Ltd. received $3,242,246 across 10 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency | Agence de promotion économique du Canada atlantique — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-26: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Maritime Lumber Bureau|Maritime Lumber Bureau received $1,925,356 across 3 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency | Agence de promotion économique du Canada atlantique — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-26: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Jewish Community Council of Montreal received $1,071,576 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada | Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-27: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Active Communities Inc.|Active Communities Inc. received $5,467,283 across 31 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency | Agence de promotion économique du Canada atlantique — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-28: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Burtons Cove Logging & Lumber Limited|Burtons Cove Logging & Lumber Limited received $1,550,000 across 3 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency | Agence de promotion économique du Canada atlantique — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-28: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Organic Federation of Canada received $6,486,941 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada | Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-29: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Turetsky, Merritt received $577,020 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-30: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Plant, David V. received $514,450 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-09-30: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Government of Prince Edward Island (BN 106682214) received $23,533,061 across 19 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Municipalité régionale de comté de Papineau (BN 107751190) received $3,247,465 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Nova Scotia Education Common Services Bureau (BN 107788705) received $4,088,787 across 11 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Aluminerie Alouette inc. (BN 121899850) received $15,000,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Raven Recycling Society (BN 128565884) received $2,304,711 across 11 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Specialized Training, Employment Placement & Support Society of Red Deer (BN 129185716RT0001) received $934,412 across 3 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Positively Charged Co. Inc. (BN 823779731RC0001) received $794,176 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Youth Employment Services (BN 832756720RR0001) received $1,858,207 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Soutien à la personne handicapée en route vers l'emploi (BN 843664749RP0001) received $17,474,674 across 3 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Make A Change Canada (BN 853537678RR0001) received $2,200,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows S.A.G.E. Trainers (BN 861647451RR0001) received $1,420,366 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Island Employment Association (BN 861942993RP0001) received $1,729,717 across 5 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Prov Info Equipment Recycling & Refurbishing Enterprises Inc (BN 866074024) received $3,003,893 across 14 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows OPEQ - Ordinateurs pour les écoles du Québec (BN 866475338) received $18,598,028 across 17 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Saskatchewan Technology Renewal Inc. (BN 866752553) received $3,447,693 across 16 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows FOOTHILLS SPECIAL NEEDS ASSOCIATION FOR PARENTS AND SIBLINGS (BN 867987927RR0001) received $597,448 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Coalition for Persons with Disabilities (BN 871807376RT0001) received $3,634,601 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Employment and Social Development Canada | Emploi et Développement social Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Renewed Computer Technologies (Ontario) (BN 875058828) received $22,962,859 across 19 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows 3925260 Manitoba Association Inc. (BN 877626028) received $7,131,602 across 17 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Smart Communities Society (BN 882323215) received $4,334,087 across 33 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows British Columbia Technology for Learning Society (BN 888422193) received $7,292,910 across 17 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Alberta Computers for Schools Association (BN 894781764) received $7,906,719 across 15 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Computers for Education Technology New Brunswick Ltd. (BN 896456720) received $6,107,732 across 18 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Innovation, Sciences et Développement économique Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Measurand Inc. (BN 137702312) received $1,196,838 across 2 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by National Research Council Canada | Conseil national de recherches Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
The dataset shows Bahrami, Majid Simon Fraser University received $1,400,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Bahrami, Majid Simon Fraser University received $1,400,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Brandenberger, Robert McGill University received $1,400,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Brandenberger, Robert McGill University received $1,400,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Budisa, Nediljko University of Manitoba received $1,400,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Budisa, Nediljko University of Manitoba received $1,400,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows CANADIAN ARTS PRESENTERS ASSOCIATION received $3,074,888 across 16 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Canadian Heritage | Patrimoine canadien — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · The recipient business number is missing or a placeholder ('0', all-zeros, '-', 'n/a'): rows were grouped by legal name only, so distinct entities with the same name may be merged (KNOWN-DATA-ISSUES F-6/F-7).
The dataset shows Carpentier, André C Université de Sherbrooke received $1,400,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Carpentier, André C Université de Sherbrooke received $1,400,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Desbiens, Caroline Université Laval received $1,400,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.
The dataset shows Desbiens, Caroline Université Laval received $1,400,000 across 1 federal agreements from 1 department — above the 90th percentile of recipients funded by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada | Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada — with the most recent agreement dated 2018-10-01: 7.9 years of subsequent silence in the corpus as of 2026-09-01.
Why this may be benign · A single large capital or research award is expected to be followed by silence; one-off funding is not a zombie signal on its own.